1. The client/caregiver can define cataracts and cataract surgery.
   1. A cataract is the clouding of the lens and lens capsule of the eye, which is usually clear.
   2. The cataract causes the pupil of the eye to appear gray or white instead of black.
   3. The development of cataracts is usually associated with aging.
   4. Other causes for cataract formation can be
      • Congenital disease
      • Trauma
      • Toxins
      • Intraocular inflammation
      • Chronic diseases such as diabetes
2. The client/caregiver can describe the types of cataract surgery.
   1. Intracapsular is the surgical removal of the entire lens and surrounding capsule. This is the most common type of cataract-removal surgery.
   2. Extracapsular is the surgical removal of the anterior portion of the lens and capsule. The posterior capsule is left intact.
   3. Phaco emulsion is the use of ultrasonic vibrations to break the lens into particles that can be removed by suction. This is the preferred method for clients younger than 30 years.
   4. Lens implantation is the insertion of an intraocular lens implant after cataract removal.
3. The client/caregiver can recognize signs and symptoms of cataracts.
   1. Painless, gradual blurred vision
   2. Poor reading vision
   3. Gray or white opacity over the pupil
   4. Decreased peripheral vision
   5. Photophobia, glare (especially at night)
4. The client/caregiver can list postoperative instructions.
   1. Wear eye patch over eye as ordered and eye shield at night when sleeping as ordered.
   2. Discuss the use of postoperative eye drops/medications as ordered.
   3. If wearing a patch, warn that depth perception will be lost.
   4. Give pain medications as ordered.
   5. Discuss with the physician any medication to be administered (as needed) for nausea.
   6. Avoid straining at stool.
   7. Avoid vomiting.
   8. Wear dark glasses if your eyes are sensitive to bright sunlight.
   9. Report symptoms of possible complications (i.e., visual changes, pain, increased redness or drainage, or persistent headaches).
   10. Keep follow-up appointments with a physician.
5. The client/caregiver can adequately instill eye drops as prescribed.
   1. Wash hands before and after installation.
   2. Instill drops onto the inner lower eyelid.
   3. Do not touch the eye with the eyedropper.
6. The client/caregiver can list possible complications.
   1. Hemorrhage
   2. Corneal edema or scarring
   3. Infection
   4. Retinal detachment

References

Ackley, B. J., & Ladwig, G. B. (2006).Nursing diagnosis handbook: A guide to planning care. St. Louis: Mosby Inc.
Canobbio, M. M. (2006). Mosby’s handbook of patient teaching. St. Louis: Mosby Inc.
Perry, A., & Potter, P. (2006). Clinical nursing skills & technique. St. Louis: Mosby Inc.
Timby, B. K., & Smith, N. C. (2003). Introductory medical-surgical nursing (8th ed.). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.