1. The client/caregiver can list the benefits of reality orientation.
   1. Keeps the client in touch with reality
   2. Decreases confusion and disorientation
   3. Decreases fear and anxiety
   4. Improves quality of interactions with others
2. The client/caregiver can list measures for orientation.
   1. Use devices to improve memory.
      1. Simple clocks
      2. Calendars
      3. Label cabinets, doors, and drawers with words or pictures.
   2. Do not reinforce hallucinations or delusions.
   3. Give information slowly and simply.
   4. Allow time for response.
   5. Praise the client for appropriate behavior.
   6. Encourage independence.
   7. Be sure the client has glasses and/or hearing aids and that they are adequate for the client.
   8. Maintain good eye contact.
   9. Treat the client with respect, patience, and acceptance.
   10. Encourage socialization with family and friends.
   11. Encourage verbalization, and allow the client to talk about past events.
   12. Encourage activities as tolerated.
   13. Maintain familiar routines.
   14. Tell the client frequently what day and what time it is.
   15. Discuss current events.
   16. Give the client only one instruction at a time.
   17. Do not argue with a client over inaccurate information.
   18. Provide good lighting.
   19. All caretakers and family should be included in promoting reality orientation.

References

Canobbio, M. M. (2006). Mosby’s handbook of patient teaching . St. Louis: Mosby Inc.
Perry, A., & Potter, P. (2006). Clinical nursing skills & technique. St. Louis: Mosby Inc.
Timby, B. K. (2005). Fundamental nursing skills and concepts. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.