1. The client can demonstrate the type of crutch walking as instructed.
    1. Four-point gait
      1. Move the right crutch forward 4 to 6 inches.
      2. Move the left foot forward to the level of a right crutch.
      3. Move the left crutch forward 4 to 6 inches.
      4. Move the right foot forward to the level of a left crutch.
    2. Three-point gait
      1. Balance weight on crutches.
      2. Move both crutches and the affected leg forward while body weight is supported on the unaffected leg.
      3. Move the unaffected leg forward.
    3. Two-point gait
      1. Advance the right foot and left crutch together.
      2. Advance the left foot and right crutch together.
    4. Swing-to gait
      1. Move both crutches ahead together.
      2. Lift body weight and swing to the crutches.
    5. Swing-through gait
      1. Move both crutches ahead together.
      2. Lift body weight and swing through and beyond the crutches.
  2. The client can demonstrate rising from a sitting position.
    1. Slide forward in the chair and place the unaffected leg slightly under or at the edge of the chair.
    2. Hold both crutches by the hand bars in one hand on the affected side.
    3. Use the hand on the unaffected side to grasp the arm of the chair and push up to a standing position.
    4. Bear weight on the crutches and lower yourself into the chair.
  3. The client can demonstrate getting into a chair.
    1. Stand close to the chair with the chair touching the back of the legs.
    2. Hold both crutches in one hand.
    3. Use the free hand to hold the arm of the chair.
  4. The client can state precautions when using crutches.
    1. Only use crutches that have a proper fit:
      1. The top of the crutch should be about 1.5 inches below the armpits.
      2. Elbows should be flexed 15 to 30 degrees.
    2. Do not lean or walk with weight on armpits because this may cause damage to nerves.
    3. Report any numbness or tingling down the arms.
    4. Clear pathways by removing any objects that could cause falls.
    5. Avoid walking on slick or wet floor surfaces.
    6. Use only crutches in good condition.
      1. The underarms should be well-padded for comfort.
      2. The ends should have rubber tips to prevent sliding.
    7. Keep crutch tips clean.
    8. Avoid walking on wet or slippery floors.

References

Canobbio, M. M. (2006). Mosby’s handbook of patient teaching. St. Louis: Mosby Inc.Perry, A., & Potter, P. (2006). Clinical nursing skills & technique. St. Louis: Mosby Inc.Timby, B. K., & Smith, N. C. (2003). Introductory medical-surgical nursing (8th ed.). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott

Credits

Client Teaching Guides for Home Health Care, 2nd ed.© 2008 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc.www.jbpub.com

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